ـ ٧٠Ibid, (٢٠٠٣) , Christians at the geart of Islamic rule : church life and scholarship in Abbasid Iraq, Leiden : Brill.

ـ ٧١Ibid & Barbara Roggema (٢٠٠٩ ـ ٢٠١١). Chrisian ـ Muslim Relations. A Bibtiographical History. Volume l (٦٠٠ ـ ٩٠٠) , Leiden : Brill.

ـ ٧٢Van Ess, Josef (١٩٩١ ـ ١٩٩٧). Theologie und Gesellschaft im ٢. und ٣. Jahrhundert Hidschra : Eine Geschichte des religiosen Denkens im Fruhen Islam, Berlin : Walter de Gruyter.

ـ ٧٣Von Grunebaum, G. E. (١٩٩٣)."I djaz," in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, ٢nd edition, vol. ٣.

ـ ٧٤Wansbrough, John (١٩٩٧). Quranic Studies : sources and mithods of scriptural interprefation, Oxford : Oxford University Press.

ـ ٧٥Zilio ـ Grandi, Ida (١٩٩٨). "La refutazione della profezia di Muhammad e del miraclol coranico di Qusta ibn Luqa" parole de l\'Orient : revue semestrielle des etudes syriaques at arabes chretiennes : recherches orientales : revue d\'etudes et de recherches sur les eglises de langue syriaque ٢٢/١٩٩٧ (١٩٩٨).